Healthcare: Disruption at a scale we haven't seen before
Just like you, I'm trying to make sense of the world around me. But there are no templates for the bridge that healthcare's building for its future.
All we can do is listen to weak signals and amplify them.
Last week, CVS finally bought Aetna for $69 billion (must we say almost bought because a judge is still questioning them). I spoke to someone closely familiar with the deal. He called it "vertical stacking" - to expand what CVS customers can get - from drugs to MinuteClinic consultations to now insurance.
But it seems more like CVS disrupting itself before Amazon does. Earlier in the year, Amazon bought PillPack, an online pharmacy (CVS and others lost $11 billion in market value on the day of the announcement).
Market is rife with speculation that Amazon is going to be biggest company in healthcare (fancy signing up for Amazon Prime Health?).
After such buzz, do you think other insurances or pharmacies will stay quiet? In the M&A world, more begets more.
In fact, the entire healthcare industry is in an M&A frenzy. As of June 2018, healthcare was only third in line (#1 is Energy, #2 is Media) in terms of size of deals. See below.
A Record $2.5 Trillion in Mergers Were Announced in the First Half of 2018
Zooming in and out. From the forest to the trees
Healthcare is so big ($8.7 trillion by 2020) that it nurtures mini-industries within itself. Like the space I'm most familiar with: gastroenterology, a medical specialty in high demand.
Long time ago, gastroenterologists (GIs) ran smaller solo or group practices. Despite the myriad challenges of running a medical business, doctors enjoyed the independence that private practices offered.
But over the years, everything got too complicated. From insurance reimbursements to regulatory compliance to even patient behavior. It just became tougher to stand alone. (Younger physicians hardly go solo today. Most join groups or hospitals.)
Smaller groups became bigger. Demand for colonoscopies (the main procedure that GIs perform) fueled the growth of free-standing ambulatory surgery centers.
Hospitals sensed the opportunity. And began luring gastroenterologists to gain access to their patients and bring home revenues from GI procedures. Under the thumbs of hospital administration doctors lost their independence. It didn't help that they were forced to usemonolithic hospital EHRs.
Well, the market's now shifting again.
Private equity companies are fueling consolidation of GI groups. By providing capital for recruiting other groups, buying new medical equipment, removing administrative burdens and inefficiencies, streamlining technology and so on. They are courting doctors by offering them independence in a way that hospitals can't.
Small groups (e.g. 4-8 doctors) and mid-size groups (e.g. 8-20 doctors) are merging to become large groups (e.g. 25-50+). Large groups are becoming super-sized groups (80-200+ gastroenterologists).
And the super groups? I learnt that the pipeline goes all the way to 1,000 GIs operating under a single entity.
Private equity (PE) companies refer to this as a "roll up" strategy. These roll ups will create a different kind of market dynamic that doesn't exist today. A tailwind of ancillary opportunities (imaging, pathology labs, nutrition counseling, administrative consolidation, EHR and billing systems unification, analytics and so on).
There are approximately 12,000 GIs in the US today. Present consolidation trends indicate that these deals would cover at least half that number over the next few years. The rest might continue to operate like they do today - finding ways to not buckle under market pressure.
Depending on where they are in their career, gastroenterologists welcome this trend or are cynical about it. Older doctors see it as a way to capitalize on what they've built so far. Younger doctors see it as selling out too soon. And then there are doctors who are more entrepreneurial - they see it as a way to shape what's to follow.
Gastroenterology offers an insightful window into other specialties such as dermatology (booming these days), orthopedics, ophthalmology and others.
Larger private equity companies will eventually want to combine super groups across specialties and regions. If that makes no sense, think "vertical stacking" that my friend said as a reason for the CVS and Aetna merger. Or even think of Kaiser Permanante - a non-profit with 22,000 doctors on staff - with a PE twist.
Welcome to the new world!
Where do we go from here?
Just the other day, a doctor reached out to us (after reading our monthly newsletter). Saying it's confusing out there. He runs a solo private practice but owns a surgery center with other doctors.
He hates all these things that he's had to do in order to stay in practice. Like EHRs and MACRA, he said. So he stopped doing those things. But worries that he can't keep ignoring them forever. It'll catch up with him and then it'll be too late.
In the end, he wondered if he should find a way to merge with somebody. But then his operations weren't so clean. Wouldn't PE investors want a cleaner practice?
And so the conversation went.
The sooner you accept the new reality, the better positioned you'll be to shape that reality. Before it begins to shape you.
